Benchmark Solutions

LimitState:GEO

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Benchmark Solutions

Introduction

This appendix contains the derivation of selected closed form solutions that are unavailable in the literature, but are used as verification tests (see here).

Simple soil nail in retaining wall (undrained)

Figure 114:

Reinforcing element (soil nail) in retaining wall (undrained case)

In the figure above, let the wall displace to the left by a distance $δ$ . Take the unit weight of the soil as $γ$ and the undrained shear strength of the soil be $cu$ . Let $Tw$ be the pullout resistance per unit length in the wall, $Nw$ the lateral resistance per unit length in the wall, $Ts$ be the pullout resistance per unit length in the soil, and $N s$ the lateral resistance per unit length in the soil. The wall rests on a smooth foundation and has a smooth interface with the soil. Assume that the failure mechanism consists of a simple 45 $o$ sliding wedge as depicted i.e. that the values of $Ts$ and $Ns$ are small enough not to influence the failure mode, and that the reinforcement moves with the wall i.e. that the values of $Tw$ and $Nw$ are large enough to ensure the reinforcement remains locked within the wall.